Culex Mosquito
Order/family: Diptera/ Culicidae
Scientific Name: Anopheles spp.
Description:
Our members of the order Diptera, ie, flies. MMosquitoes are slender, long legged, two winged insects that are 1/8to ½ inch long. They are unlike the other two flies as their wings and bodies are covered with scales, and they haveing piercing and sucking mouthparts. Culex mosquitoes have blunt abdomens in contrast to the pointed abdomens of Aedes The larvae, are aquatic with well-developed heads, swollen and unsegmented thoraxes, and eight-segmented abdomens, which end in an elongated breathing tube. The pupae, or tumblers, ate also aquatic and active. Their heads and thoraxes are encompassed in a large, oval mass with the slender abdomen attached.
The most notable species are Culex tritaniorhynchus, Culex vishnui, Culex pseudovishnui are the chief vectors of Japanes Encephalitis in India. The adults of these species are described below. They are medium sized, dull brown to brown-yellow, with even white bands at the end of each abdominal segment.
The Cencephalitis mosquito is a medium sized dark mosquito with a white band across the middle of the proboscis (i.e., mouthparts). This characteristic separates it from almost any other Culex mosquito.
Biology:
Female southern and northern house mosquitoes lay their eggs in rafts which contain 50 to 200 eggs on the water surface. They hatch one or two days and complete development in from ten days to two weeks. Encephalitis mosquito adults overwinter in protected locations, and, after mating, lay their eggs in rafts that contain from 200 to 300 eggs on the surface of the water. The eggs, which are laid in all types of bodies of water, hatch in two to three days and, under ideal conditions, complete development within 18 days. These vectors are primarily outdoor resting in vegetation and other shaded places but in summer may also rest in indoors. They are in principally cattle feeders, though human and pig feeding are also recorded in some areas. Habitat and Economic Importance:
that is contained They prefer to breed in water high organic matter content and storm sewer basins, and in ponds and wells. The adults readily enter structures and are vicious biters in artificial containers such as cans, rain barrels, who feed only at night. They rest within structures during the day. They feed extensively on cattle and are major pests in rural cattle sheds.
The encephalitis mosquito is a common pest and breeds in ponds, canals, borrow ditches, mud puddles, cess pools, barrels, bird bath, and catchment basins. These mosquitoes enter buildings in search of blood meal. Although they feed on humans and livestock, they prefer to feed on animals more. They are an important carrier of western equine encephalitis, a disease of the nervous system.
In the summer, mosquitoes become a major nuisance as they seek out humans for blood meals. Most service calls result when a customer plans activities in the backyard, such as an evening party, or there is a problem at the recreational sites. Perennial problems result from mosquito breeding sites located at inaccessible areas of the customer’s premises such as salt marshes, swamps, storage sites, and in other difficult to manage sites, such as city sewers and under structures.
Common Site of Occurrence:
Culex mosquitoes breed in various types of stagnant water. Preferred habitats such as rainwater barrels, catch basins, storm drains, and septic tanks which are rich in organic material. Adults readily enter structure and vicious biters feed only at night.
This is one of the prime mosquito nuisance found in the outside evening parties or recreation activities. At night they rest like salt marshes, swamps, city sewers, mid puddles, di the structures only. They have breeding sites in in accessible ete places, Common mosquito nuisance in the Common establishments like offices, hotels, educational instituting hospitals, eateries, etc.
Management:
It is important to identify the species which is causing the proble as well as the breeding sites. The most common methods collecting mosquitoes for identification are the use of light trap siphoning tubes at resting sites, dippers to collect larvae. Lig traps can be small and portable or large and permanently wi Both styles are designed to catch specimens without destroy them on sticky boards or by electrocution. Adults can be collec by using a siphoning jar trap. The best areas for collection during the date are in shady areas, such as inside and on the shady side sheds and buildings, sewers, culverts, drainage pipes, etc.
Collection of larvae is more labour-intensive because it invobe investigation of potential breeding sites which may not b accessible, as well as sampling the site in several locations using a dipper.
Lighting around the property can result in problems w mosquitoes. Because lights are beacons for mosquitos attraction to the area should be reduced by locating lives from the structure and directing the mosquitoes towards then Sodium vapour and/or yellow bug lights should be used insteal of incandescent or mercury vapour lights.Regardless of the species, the key to mosquito control is source reduction, i.e., the removal of the water breeding sites. For container breeders, this is usually resolved by site clean-up. However, flood water mosquito problems usually require the use of larvicide. The two most popular larvicides are the insect growth regulator (IGR) Methoprene and the bacteria Bti. Liquid, granules and extended-release formulations are available to treat the site even water is not present. When the product is exposed to water, the active ingredient is released into the water and kills larvae.
Adulticide with aerosol and ultra-low volume products is effective in killing the mosquitoes within the immediate area but does not provide long term control. Residual spraying of mosquito resting sites also reduces the problem. The use of repellents should be considered. Skin repellents, such as DEET and clothing repellents that contain permethrin, are very effective. At their best citronella candles and similar products provide temporary relief. Mosquito problems require considerable customer education because of the diversity of species, their often-remote breeding sites, and the ability of many species to travel long distances.
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